Explain why maps of the same place may vary, including the perspectives and purposes of the cartographers.

Use, interpret, and create maps and graphs representing population characteristics, natural features, and land use of the region under study.

Use images as the basis for answering geographic questions about the human and physical characteristics of places and major world [...]

Locate and use information from GIS and satellite remote sensing to answer geographic questions.

Create or interpret a map of the population distribution of a region and generalize about the factors influencing the distribution [...]

Use the fundamental themes of geography (location, place, human-environment interaction, movement, region) to describe regions or places on earth.

Explain the different ways in which places are connected and how those connections demonstrate interdependence and accessibility.

Locate and describe the basic patterns of landforms.

Locate and describe the basic patterns and processes of plate tectonics.

Locate and describe the characteristics and patterns of major world climates and ecosystems.

Describe the human characteristics of the region under study, including languages, religions, economic system, governmental system, cultural traditions.

Explain how communities are affected positively or negatively by changes in technology.

Explain how culture and experience influence people’s perceptions of places and regions.

Interpret population pyramids from different countries including birth rates, death rates, male-female differences, and the causes and consequences of the [...]

Generalize about how human and natural factors have influenced how people make a living and perform other activities in a [...]

Interpret and compare climographs from different latitudes and locations.

Explain the factors that cause different climate types.

Locate major ecosystems and explain how and why they are similar or different as a consequence of latitude, elevation, land-forms, [...]

Identify a problem that people in the colonies faced, identify alternative choices for addressing the problem with possible consequences, and [...]

Describe the advantages and disadvantages each side had during the American Revolution with respect to military leadership, geography, types of [...]

Describe the importance of Valley Forge, the Battle of Saratoga, and the Battle of Yorktown in the American Revolution.

Investigate the role of women, enslaved and freed Africans, Indigenous Peoples, and France in helping shape the outcome of the [...]

Describe the significance of the Treaty of Paris (establishment of the United States and its initial boundaries).

Describe the powers of the national government and state governments under the Articles of Confederation.

Give examples of problems the country faced under the Articles of Confederation.

Explain why the Constitutional Convention was convened and why the Constitution was written.

Describe the issues over representation and slavery the Framers faced at the Constitutional Convention and how they were addressed in [...]

Give reasons why the Framers wanted to limit the power of government.

Describe the principle of federalism and how it is expressed through the sharing and distribution of power as stated in [...]

Describe the concern that some people had about individual rights and why the inclusion of a Bill of Rights was [...]

Describe the rights of individuals protected in the Bill of Rights (the first 10 amendments) to the U.S. Constitution.

Identify contemporary public issues related to the U.S. Constitution and their related factual, definitional, and ethical questions.

Use graphic data and other sources to analyze information about a contemporary public issue related to the U.S. Constitution and [...]

Give examples of how conflicts over Democratic Values lead people to differ on contemporary Constitutional issues in the United States.

Compose a short essay expressing a position on a contemporary public-policy issue related to the Constitution and justify the position [...]

Develop and implement an action plan and know how, when, and where to address or inform others about a public [...]

Participate in projects to help or inform others.

Use a variety of geographic tools (maps, globes, and web-based geography technology) to analyze the world at global, regional, and [...]

Describe the convergence of Europeans, Indigenous Peoples, and Africans in the Americas after 1492 from the perspective of these three [...]

Use primary and secondary sources to compare Europeans, Africans, and Indigenous Peoples who converged in the Western Hemisphere after 1492 [...]

Explain the cultural impact that occurred between the British, French, and Spanish on the lives of Indigenous Peoples.

Describe the Columbian Exchange and its impact on Europeans, Indigenous Peoples, and Africans.

Compare the regional settlement patterns of the Southern colonies, New England, and the Middle colonies.

Explain the economic, political, cultural, and religious causes of migration to colonial North America.

Describe the lives of enslaved Africans and free Africans, including fugitive and escaped slaves in the American colonies.

Describe how enslaved and free Africans struggled to retain elements of their diverse African histories and cultures to develop distinct [...]

Locate the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies on a map.

Describe the daily lives of people living in the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies.

Describe colonial life in America from the perspectives of at least three different groups of people.

Describe the development of the emerging labor force in the colonies.