Use data to highlight or propose cause-and-effect relationships, predict outcomes, or communicate an idea.

Compare and refine multiple algorithms for the same task and determine which is the most appropriate.

Create programs that use variables to store and modify data.

Create programs that include sequences, events, loops, and conditionals.

Decompose (break down) problems into smaller, manageable subproblems to facilitate the program development process.

Modify, remix, or incorporate portions of an existing program into one's own work, to develop something new or add more [...]

Use an iterative process to plan the development of a program by including others' perspectives and considering user preferences.

Observe intellectual property rights and give appropriate attribution when creating or remixing programs.

Test and debug (identify and fix errors) a program or algorithm to ensure it runs as intended.

Take on varying roles, with teacher guidance, when collaborating with peers during the design, implementation, and review stages of program [...]

Describe choices made during program development using code comments, presentations, and demonstrations.

Discuss computing technologies that have changed the world, and express how those technologies influence, and are influenced by, cultural practices.

Brainstorm ways to improve the accessibility and usability of technology products for the diverse needs and wants of users.

Seek diverse perspectives for the purpose of improving computational artifacts.

Use public domain or creative commons media, and refrain from copying or using material created by others without permission.

Recommend improvements to the design of computing devices, based on an analysis of how users interact with the devices.

Design projects that combine hardware and software components to collect and exchange data.

Use appropriate terminology in identifying and describing the function of common physical components of computing systems (hardware).

Describe basic hardware and software problems using accurate terminology.

Explain what passwords are and why we use them, and use strong passwords to protect devices and information from unauthorized [...]

Store, copy, search, retrieve, modify, and delete information using a computing device and define the information stored as data.

Collect and present the same data in various visual formats.

Identify and describe patterns in data visualizations, such as charts or graphs, to make predictions.

Model daily processes by creating and following algorithms (sets of step-by-step instructions) to complete tasks.

Model the way programs store and manipulate data by using numbers or other symbols to represent information.

Develop programs with sequences and simple loops, to express ideas or address a problem.

Decompose (break down) the steps needed to solve a problem into a precise sequence of instructions.

Develop plans that describe a program’s sequence of events, goals, and expected outcomes.

Give attribution when using the ideas and creations of others while developing programs.

Debug (identify and fix) errors in an algorithm or program that includes sequences and simple loops.

Using correct terminology, describe steps taken and choices made during the iterative process of program development.

Compare how people live and work before and after the implementation or adoption of new computing technology.

Work respectfully and responsibly with others online.

Keep login information private, and log off of devices appropriately.

Describe how internal and external parts of computing devices function to form a system.

Model how computer hardware and software work together as a system to accomplish tasks.

Determine potential solutions to solve simple hardware and software problems using common troubleshooting strategies.

Know and use a deliberate design process for generating ideas, testing theories, creating innovative artifacts, or solving authentic problems.

Select and use digital tools to plan and manage a design process that considers design constraints and calculated risks.

Develop, test, and refine prototypes as part of a cyclical design process.

Exhibit a tolerance for ambiguity, perseverance, and the capacity to work with open-ended problems.

Students develop and employ strategies for understanding and solving problems in ways that leverage the power of technological methods to [...]

Formulate problem definitions suited for technology-assisted methods such as data analysis, abstract models and algorithmic thinking in exploring and finding [...]

Collect data or identify relevant data sets, use digital tools to analyze them, and represent data in various ways to [...]

Break problems into component parts, extract key information, and develop descriptive models to understand complex systems or facilitate problem-solving.

Understand how automation works and use algorithmic thinking to develop a sequence of steps to create and test automated solutions.

Students communicate clearly and express themselves creatively for a variety of purposes using the platforms, tools, styles, formats and digital [...]

Choose the appropriate platforms and tools for meeting the desired objectives of their creation or communication.

Create original works or responsibly repurpose or remix digital resources into new creations.

Communicate complex ideas clearly and effectively by creating or using a variety of digital objects such as visualizations, models or [...]