Examine early civilizations to describe their common features, including environment, economies, and social institutions.

Define the concept of cultural diffusion and explain how ideas and technology spread from one region to another.

Describe pastoralism and explain how the climate and geography of Central Asia were linked to the rise of pastoral societies [...]

Describe the characteristics that classical civilizations share.

Using historic and modern maps, locate three major empires of this era, describe their geographic characteristics including physical features and [...]

Compare and contrast the defining characteristics of a city-state, civilization, and empire.

Assess the importance of Greek ideas about democracy and citizenship in the development of Western political thought and institutions.

Describe major achievements from Indian, Chinese, Mediterranean, African, Southwest and Central Asian, Mesoamerican, and Andean civilizations.

Compare and contrast various forms of government around the world.

Explain how governments address national and international issues and form policies, and how the policies may not be consistent with [...]

Explain the challenges to governments to address global issues, and the international cooperation needed to do so.

Analyze the impact of treaties, agreements, and international organizations on global issues.

Explain how incentives and disincentives in the market economy can change the decision-making process.

Analyze the impact of sanctions, tariffs, treaties, quotas, and subsidies.

Explain and compare how economic systems (traditional, command, market) answer the three basic economic questions: What goods and services will [...]

Compare and contrast the economic and ecological costs and benefits of different kinds of energy production. Examples may include but [...]

Use charts and graphs to compare imports and exports of different countries in the world and propose generalizations about patterns [...]

Diagram or map the flow of materials, labor, and capital used to produce a consumer product.

Explain how communication innovations have affected economic interactions and where and how people work.

Demonstrate knowledge of how, when, and where individuals would plan and conduct activities intended to advance views in matters of [...]

Engage in activities intended to contribute to solving the local, national or global issues studied.

Participate in projects to help or inform others.

Compare and contrast several different calendar systems used in the past and present and their cultural significance.

Explain how historians use a variety of sources to explore the past.

Read and comprehend a historical passage to identify basic factual knowledge and the literal meaning by indicating who was involved, [...]

Identify the point of view (perspective of the author) and context when reading and discussing primary and secondary sources.

Compare and evaluate differing historical perspectives based on evidence.

Describe how historians use methods of inquiry to identify cause/effect relationships in history, nothing that many have multiple causes.

Define culture and describe examples of cultural change through diffusion, including what has diffused, why and where it has spread, [...]

Compare and contrast the gender roles assigned to men and women in different societies.

Describe cultures of the region being studied, including the major languages and religions.

Explain how culture influences the daily lives of people.

Identify and describe the advantages, disadvantages, and impacts of different technologies used to transport people and products, and spread ideas [...]

Explain how people have modified the environment and used technology to make places more suitable for humans, as well as [...]

Describe patterns of settlement and explain why people settle where they do and how people make their livings.

Explain the patterns, causes, and consequences of major human migrations.

Identify factors that contribute to cooperation and conflict between and among cultural groups (control/use of natural resources, power, wealth, and [...]

Evaluate examples of cooperation and conflict within the region under study from different perspectives.

Describe examples of how humans have impacted and are continuing to impact the environment in different places as a consequence [...]

Explain how different technologies can have positive and negative impacts on the environment.

Analyze ways in which human-induced changes in the physical environment in one place can cause changes in other places.

Define natural resources and explain how people in different places use, define, and acquire resources in different ways.

Analyze the effects that a change in the physical environment could have on human activities and the actions people would [...]

Analyze how combinations of human decisions and natural forces can lead to (or help people avoid) a natural disaster.

Identify global issues.

Investigate a contemporary global issue by applying the skills of geographic inquiry.

Compare and contrast different ideas about the purposes of government in different nations, nation-states or governments.

Define the characteristics of modern nation-states.

Draw a sketch map, or add information to an outline map, of the world or a world region.

Apply the skills of geographic inquiry (asking geographic questions, acquiring geographic information, organizing geographic information, analyzing geographic information, and answering [...]