Create interactive data visualizations using software tools to help others better understand real-world phenomena.

Create computational models that represent the relationships among different elements of data collected from a phenomenon or process.

Create prototypes that use algorithms to solve computational problems by leveraging prior student knowledge and personal interests.

Use lists to simplify solutions, generalizing computational problems instead of repeatedly using simple variables.

Justify the selection of specific control structures when tradeoffs involve implementation, readability, and program performance, and explain the benefits and [...]

Design and iteratively develop computational artifacts for practical intent, personal expression, or to address a societal issue by using events [...]

Decompose problems into smaller components through systematic analysis, using constructs such as procedures, modules, and/or objects.

Create artifacts by using procedures within a program, combinations of data and procedures, or independent but interrelated programs.

Systematically design and develop programs for broad audiences by incorporating feedback from users.

Systematically identify and fix problems with computing devices and their components.

Model the role of protocols in transmitting data across networks and the Internet.

Explain how physical and digital security measures protect electronic information.

Apply multiple methods of encryption to model the secure transmission of information.

Represent data using multiple encoding schemes.

Collect data using computational tools and transform the data to make it more useful and reliable.

Refine computational models based on the data they have generated.

Use flowcharts and/or pseudocode to address complex problems as algorithms.

Create clearly named variables that represent different data types and perform operations on their values.

Design and iteratively develop programs that combine control structures, including nested loops and compound conditionals.

Decompose problems and subproblems into parts to facilitate the design, implementation, and review of programs.

Create procedures with parameters to organize code and make it easier to reuse.

Seek and incorporate feedback from team members and users to refine a solution that meets user needs.

Incorporate existing code, media, and libraries into original programs, and give attribution.

Systematically test and refine programs using a range of test cases.

Distribute tasks and maintain a project timeline when collaboratively developing computational artifacts.

Document programs in order to make them easier to follow, test, and debug.

Compare tradeoffs associated with computing technologies that affect people's everyday activities and career options.

Discuss issues of bias and accessibility in the design of existing technologies.

Collaborate with many contributors through strategies such as crowdsourcing or surveys when creating a computational artifact.

Model how information is broken down into smaller pieces, transmitted as packets through multiple devices over networks and the Internet, [...]

Discuss real-world cybersecurity problems and how personal information can be protected.

Organize and present collected data visually to highlight relationships and support a claim.

Use data to highlight or propose cause-and-effect relationships, predict outcomes, or communicate an idea.

Compare and refine multiple algorithms for the same task and determine which is the most appropriate.

Create programs that use variables to store and modify data.

Create programs that include sequences, events, loops, and conditionals.

Decompose (break down) problems into smaller, manageable subproblems to facilitate the program development process.

Modify, remix, or incorporate portions of an existing program into one's own work, to develop something new or add more [...]

Use an iterative process to plan the development of a program by including others' perspectives and considering user preferences.

Observe intellectual property rights and give appropriate attribution when creating or remixing programs.

Test and debug (identify and fix errors) a program or algorithm to ensure it runs as intended.

Take on varying roles, with teacher guidance, when collaborating with peers during the design, implementation, and review stages of program [...]

Describe choices made during program development using code comments, presentations, and demonstrations.

Discuss computing technologies that have changed the world, and express how those technologies influence, and are influenced by, cultural practices.

Brainstorm ways to improve the accessibility and usability of technology products for the diverse needs and wants of users.

Seek diverse perspectives for the purpose of improving computational artifacts.

Use public domain or creative commons media, and refrain from copying or using material created by others without permission.

Recommend improvements to the design of computing devices, based on an analysis of how users interact with the devices.

Design projects that combine hardware and software components to collect and exchange data.

Use appropriate terminology in identifying and describing the function of common physical components of computing systems (hardware).